Areas of Expertise Continued...
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Trauma-Focused Therapy
Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy designed for people who have experienced some kind of traumatizing event, and have difficulty coping with the aftermath. A trauma can include combat, sexual or physical assault, being the victim of a crime, surviving a disaster, being in an accident, or any other potentially life-threatening situation. Sometimes people who experience or witness a trauma can go on to develop painful psychological symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, and intrusive images of the trauma. Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy helps people cope with and significantly reduce these symptoms through emotional reprocessing. There are several widely used Trauma Focused Cognitive behavioral therapies:
Prolonged Exposure Therapy: Prolonged exposure is a form of exposure therapy helps people process the trauma that occurred, and find meaning in the experience. Prolonged exposure therapy works from the premise that the brain is overloaded when a trauma occurs, and this causes problems processing and encoding the information in the brain. Prolonged exposure remedies this through the patient recounting the trauma in session, reducing the emotional dysregulation caused by memories of the trauma, and finding new ways of thinking about how it fits into one’s own personal narrative.
Cognitive Processing Therapy: Cognitive processing therapy is a trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy that focuses more on the thoughts people have in response to their trauma. Essentially, cognitive processing therapy helps people examine their maladaptive patterns in thinking and find more effective ways of making sense of the trauma. This is achieved through homework assignments involving patients writing out their trauma narrative, and engaging in cognitive restructuring of maladaptive or problematic thinking patterns.
Seeking Safety: Seeking safety is a Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy that helps people learn to regulate their intense emotions in the aftermath of a trauma. By learning behavioral coping skills such as relaxation training and mindfulness, people are better able to deal with symptoms resulting from experiencing a trauma. Because the treatments described above can be stressful, Seeking safety is generally used to help prepare people for these more intensive treatments by building up their coping skills.
Problem-Solving
Problem-solving therapy is a treatment that helps people take action in their lives, helping them cope with difficulties, and teaching them to proactively solve their problems. Unlike traditional psychotherapy, problem-solving therapy makes use of cognitive and behavioral interventions, helping people directly work on life's challenges. Problem-solving therapy can help with achieving goals, finding purpose, reducing depression, managing anxiety, and solving relationship problems. Problem-solving therapy has been the subject of recent scientific research, showing it can be helpful not only with psychological problems, but with physical illness as well.
Problem-solving therapy works by teaching people skills to help them take a more active role in their lives, taking more initiative, and utilizing whatever influence they have to effectively make decisions and achieve their goals. By using this treatment approach with one specific problem, people learn to apply it to any other problem they may face, empowering them to face difficulties more independently. As these skills are repeatedly practice, clients often report an increased sense of confidence and agency in many aspects of their lives. The core components of problem-solving therapy are described below:
Addressing problem orientation: Every person has learned to approach problems differently. Some people naturally take a more submissive approach, avoid the problem or associated conflict. Others take a compulsive approach, addressing the problem aggressively, but without much introspection or creativity. During treatment, thoughts, attitudes, and strategies for solving problems are assessed, and weaknesses are addressed through cognitive and behavioral techniques.
Clearly defining problems: Often people are hindered from solving the problems they face because they cannot clearly define what the actual problem is. For instance, if you identify that you are constantly stressed out at work, you might think that the anxiety is the problem to be solved. In reality, it may be that a lack of assertiveness with your boundaries is the actual problem, resulting in others delegating more work to you, and ultimately in you feeling increased stress.
Brainstorming and evaluating solutions: People who come to therapy often feel so overwhelmed by the magnitude of the things causing them distress, they feel it is a hopeless task to do anything to address their difficulties. By considering a multitude of potential solutions, problems increasingly feel more solvable. Thus people are more likely to take action to solve them.
Taking Action: Breaking down a problem into a series of achievable steps further helps people to actively address their problems. And rather than identifying a goal that feels overwhelming, in problem-solving therapy people learn to only plan what they are confident they can accomplish. Slowly and surely, by chipping away at large tasks, people solve their problems.
There is research that shows problem-solving therapy is helpful as a standalone treatment. However, it is most effective when incorporated into a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment plan.
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